在江西文化史上，隐逸着一位亦僧亦道、亦画亦诗的人物，他的名号三百多年来为世人惊叹不已。他就是开一代画风，独步古今的艺术大师，八大山人——朱耷。

八大山人，名朱耷(1626—约1705)，江西南昌人，明末清初画家、书法家，中国画一代宗师。清初画坛“四僧”之一。为明宁献王朱权九世孙，明灭亡后，国毁家亡，心情悲愤，落发为僧，法名传綮，字刃庵。又用过雪个、个山、个山驴、驴屋、人屋、道朗等号，后又入青云谱为道。通常称他为朱耷，晚年取八大山人号并一直用到去世。其于画作上署名时，常把“八大”和“山人”竖着连写。前二字又似“哭”字，又似“笑”字，而后二字则类似“之”字，哭之笑之即哭笑不得之意。他一生对明忠心耿耿，以明朝遗民自居，不肯与清合作。

他的作品往往以象征手法抒写心意，如画鱼、鸭、鸟等，皆以白眼向天，充满倔强之气。是朱耷自我心态的写照。画山水，多取荒寒萧疏之景，剩山残水，仰塞之情溢于纸素，可谓“墨点无多泪点多，山河仍为旧山河”，“想见时人解图画，一峰还写宋山河”，可见朱耷寄情于画，以书画表达对旧王朝的眷恋。朱耷笔墨特点以放任恣纵见长，苍劲圆秀，清逸横生，不论大幅或小品，都有浑朴酣畅又明朗秀健的风神。章法结构不落俗套，在不完整中求完整。朱耷的绘画对后世影响极大。

朱耷擅花鸟、山水，其花鸟承袭陈淳、徐渭写意花鸟画的传统。发展为阔笔大写意画法，其特点是通过象征寓意的手法，并对所画的花鸟、鱼虫进行夸张，以其奇特的形象和简练的造型，使画中形象突出，主题鲜明，甚至将鸟、鱼的眼睛画成“白眼向人”，以此来表现自己孤傲不群、愤世嫉俗的性格，从而创造了一种前所未有的花鸟造型。

其画笔墨简朴豪放、苍劲率意、淋漓酣畅，构图疏简、奇险，风格雄奇朴茂。他的山水画初师董其昌，后又上窥黄公望、倪瓒，多作水墨山水，笔墨质朴雄健，意境荒凉寂寥。亦长于书法，擅行、草书，宗法王羲之、王献之、颜真卿、董其昌等，以秃笔作书，风格流畅秀健。

注：以下标有英文注释的为弗利尔美术馆藏品

Lotus and Ducks 荷花雙鳧圖 (軸)

TYPE：Hanging scroll

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷) (1626-1705)
Colophon: Colophon by Wu Changshuo 吳昌碩 (1844-1927)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty,ca. 1696

MEDIUM：Hangingscroll; ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：185.0 x 95.8cm

CREDIT LINE：Bequest fromthe collection of Wang Fangyu and Sum Wai, donated in their memory by Mr. ShaoF. Wang

Cedar Tree, Day Lily, and Wagtails 椿萱鶺鴒圖 (軸)

TYPE：Hanging scroll

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷) (1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty,1700

MEDIUM：Hangingscroll; ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：173.7 x 92.6cm

CREDIT LINE：Bequest fromthe collection of Wang Fangyu and Sum Wai, donated in their memory by Mr. ShaoF. Wang

Two Geese 雙雁圖 (軸)

TYPE：Hanging scroll

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷) (1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty,ca. 1700

MEDIUM：Hangingscroll; ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：184.1 x 90.6cm

CREDIT LINE：Bequest fromthe collection of Wang Fangyu and Sum Wai, donated in their memory by Mr. ShaoF. Wang.

Small Birds, Bamboo and Rocks 竹石小鳥圖 (軸)

TYPE：Hanging scroll

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷) (1626-1705), Addition and two colophonsby Zhang Daqian (Chang Dai-chien) (China, 1899-1983)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty,1692

MEDIUM：Ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：270.8 x 93.7cm

CREDIT LINE：Bequest fromthe collection of Wang Fangyu and Sum Wai, donated in their memory by Mr. ShaoF. Wang.

Crouching Cat 艾虎圖 (軸)

TYPE：Hanging scroll

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷) (1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty,1699

MEDIUM：Ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：164.0 x 90.6cm

CREDIT LINE：Bequest fromthe collection of Wang Fangyu and Sum Wai, donated in their memory by Mr. ShaoF. Wang.

Five Pines Mountain 五松山圖 (軸)

TYPE：Hanging scroll

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷) (1626-1705)，Calligrapher: Ye Dehui (1864-1927)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty,ca. 1698

MEDIUM：Hangingscroll, ink and color on paper

DIMENSION(S)：112.4 x 43.4cm

CREDIT LINE：Bequest fromthe collection of Wang Fangyu and Sum Wai, donated in their memory by Mr. ShaoF. Wang.

Peonies 芍藥圖 (軸)

TYPE：Hanging scroll

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷) (1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty,ca. 1699?

MEDIUM：Ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：87.3 x 44.2 cm

CREDIT LINE：Bequest fromthe collection of Wang Fangyu and Sum Wai, donated in their memory by Mr. ShaoF. Wang

Flowers and Calligraphy 玉簪花圖並草書節錄姜夔《續書譜》 (冊頁兩開裱軸)

TYPE：Hanging scroll(2 album leaves)

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷) (1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty,1702-04

MEDIUM：Two albumleaves mounted as one hanging scroll; ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：30.1 x 34.2 cm

CREDIT LINE：Bequest fromthe collection of Wang Fangyu and Sum Wai, donated in their memory by Mr. ShaoF. Wang.

Lotus 荷花圖 (冊･八頁)

TYPE：Album (8leaves)

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷) (1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty,ca. 1665

MEDIUM：Ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：25.4 x 33.6 cm

CREDIT LINE：Bequest fromthe collection of Wang Fangyu and Sum Wai, donated in their memory by Mr. ShaoF. Wang

Falling Flower 落花圖 (冊頁)

TYPE：Album leaf

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷) (1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty,ca. 1692

MEDIUM：Ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：22.5 x 28.5 cm

CREDIT LINE：Bequest fromthe collection of Wang Fangyu and Sum Wai, donated in their memory by Mr. ShaoF. Wang

Buddha's Hand Citron 佛手圖 (冊頁)

TYPE：Album leaf

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷) (1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty,ca. 1692

MEDIUM：Ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：22.7 x 28.6 cm

CREDIT LINE：Bequest fromthe collection of Wang Fangyu and Sum Wai, donated in their memory by Mr. ShaoF. Wang.

Hibiscus 芙蓉圖 (冊頁)

TYPE：Album leaf

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷) (1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty,ca. 1692

MEDIUM：Ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：22.6 x 28.6 cm

CREDIT LINE：Bequest fromthe collection of Wang Fangyu and Sum Wai, donated in their memory by Mr. ShaoF. Wang.

Lotus Pod 蓮蓬圖 (冊頁)

TYPE：Album leaf

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷) (1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty,ca. 1692

MEDIUM：Ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：22.6 x 28.6 cm

CREDIT LINE：Bequest fromthe collection of Wang Fangyu and Sum Wai, donated in their memory by Mr. ShaoF. Wang.

Lilac and Calligraphy 丁香花圖并行草題跋 (兩冊頁)

TYPE：Album leaves

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷) (1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty,ca. 1690

MEDIUM：Two albumleaves; ink and color on paper

DIMENSION(S)：20.1 x 14.6 cm

CREDIT LINE：Bequest fromthe collection of Wang Fangyu and Sum Wai, donated in their memory by Mr. ShaoF. Wang

Landscape

TYPE：Hanging scroll

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷) (1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty,ca. 1690

MEDIUM：Ink and coloron paper

DIMENSION(S)：149.1 x 64.1cm

CREDIT LINE：Bequest fromthe collection of Wang Fangyu and Sum Wai, donated in their memory by Mr. ShaoF. Wang

Copy of Landscapes by Dong Qichang 撫董其昌《臨古山水》 (冊頁)

TYPE：Album leaf

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷) (1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty,ca. 1697

MEDIUM：Ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：31.1 x 24.7 cm

CREDIT LINE：Bequest fromthe collection of Wang Fangyu and Sum Wai, donated in their memory by Mr. ShaoF. Wang

Landscape after Ni Zan and calligraphy in standard script 倣倪迂山水并楷書題跋 (冊頁)

TYPE：Album leaf

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷) (1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty,ca. 1703-05

MEDIUM：Ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：25.1 x 32.3 cm

CREDIT LINE：Bequest fromthe collection of Wang Fangyu and Sum Wai, donated in their memory by Mr. ShaoF. Wang

Combined Album of Painting and Calligraphy 書畫合冊 (九頁)

TYPE：Album (9leaves)

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷) (1626-1705)，Calligrapher: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷) (1626-1705), Frontispiece by Shanqi,Prince Su 肅親王善耆 (1866-1922)，Colophon: Colophon by Wu Changshuo 吳昌碩 (1844-1927), Colophon by Naito Torajiro (1866-1934)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty,ca. 1693 and 1696

MEDIUM：Ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：25.4 x 17.1 cm

CREDIT LINE：Bequest fromthe collection of Wang Fangyu and Sum Wai, donated in their memory by Mr. ShaoF. Wang

Scriptureof the Inner Radiances of the Yellow Court in running-standard script 行楷書《黃庭內景經》四節 (冊･十二頁)

TYPE：Album (12 leaves)

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷)(1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty, 1684

MEDIUM：Ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：22.0 x 11.7 cm

CREDIT LINE：Purchase -- fundsprovided by the E. Rhodes and Leona B. Carpenter Foundation in honor of the75th Anniversary of the Freer Gallery of Art.

Copyof the "Half-Stele of Xingfu Temple" in running-standard script 行楷臨《興福寺半截碑》 (冊 ･廿頁)

TYPE：Album (20 leaves)

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷)(1626-1705), Colophon by Tang Yunsong (jinshi 1840)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty, 1699

MEDIUM：Ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：25.3 x 8.8 cm

CREDIT LINE：Bequest from thecollection of Wang Fangyu and Sum Wai, donated in their memory by Mr. Shao F.Wang

Poemby Bai Juyi in running-cursive script 行草書白居易《北窗三友詩》 (三頁)

TYPE：Album leaves(three)

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷)(1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty, 1700

MEDIUM：Ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：31.4 x 23.5 cm

CREDIT LINE：Purchase -- fundsprovided by the E. Rhodes and Leona B. Carpenter Foundation in honor of the75th Anniversary of the Freer Gallery of Art.

Copyof Two Letters by Huang Daozhou in running-cursive script 行草書臨黃道周尺牘 (兩冊頁)

TYPE：Album leaves (two)

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷)(1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty, ca.1702-1705

MEDIUM：Ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：32.0 x 42.6 cm

CREDIT LINE：Purchase -- fundsprovided by the E. Rhodes and Leona B. Carpenter Foundation in honor of the75th Anniversary of the Freer Gallery of Art.

Poemby Geng Wei in cursive script 草書耿湋《題清源寺詩》 (軸)

TYPE：Hanging scroll

MAKER(S):Artist： BadaShanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷) (1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty, ca.1699

MEDIUM：Hanging scroll; inkon paper

DIMENSION(S)：154.8 x 75.1 cm

CREDIT LINE：Bequest from thecollection of Wang Fangyu and Sum Wai, donated in their memory by Mr. Shao F.Wang.

Excerptfrom "Preface to the Gathering at the River" in running-standardscript 行楷書《臨河集序》 (冊頁)

TYPE：Album leaf

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷)(1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty, ca.1697

MEDIUM：Ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：26.2 x 19.0 cm

CREDIT LINE：Purchase -- fundsprovided by the E. Rhodes and Leona B. Carpenter Foundation in honor of the75th Anniversary of the Freer Gallery of Art.

Poemby Han Yu in running-standard script 行楷節錄韓愈《送李愿歸盤谷序》 (冊頁)

TYPE：Album leaf

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷)(1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty, ca.1697

MEDIUM：Ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：26.2 x 19.2 cm

CREDIT LINE：Purchase -- fundsprovided by the E. Rhodes and Leona B. Carpenter Foundation in honor of the75th Anniversary of the Freer Gallery of Art.

Poemby Sun Ti in running-standard script 行楷書孫逖《奉和李右相中書壁畫山水詩》 (冊頁)

TYPE：Album leaf

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷)(1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty, ca.1697

MEDIUM：Ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：26.2 x 19.1 cm

CREDIT LINE：Purchase -- fundsprovided by the E. Rhodes and Leona B. Carpenter Foundation in honor of the75th Anniversary of the Freer Gallery of Art.

Poemby Du Fu in running-standard script 行楷書杜甫《戲題王宰畫山水圖歌詩》 (冊頁)

TYPE：Album leaf

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷)(1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty, ca.1697

MEDIUM：Ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：26.1 x 19.2 cm

CREDIT LINE：Purchase -- fundsprovided by the E. Rhodes and Leona B. Carpenter Foundation in honor of the75th Anniversary of the Freer Gallery of Art.

Poemby Zhang Jiuling in running-standard script 行楷書張九齡《題畫山水障詩》 (冊頁)

TYPE：Album leaf

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷)(1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty, ca.1697

MEDIUM：Ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：26.1 x 19.2 cm

CREDIT LINE：Purchase -- fundsprovided by the E. Rhodes and Leona B. Carpenter Foundation in honor of the75th Anniversary of the Freer Gallery of Art.

Poemby Yan Fang in running-standard script 行楷臨王寵書閻防《夕次鹿門山作詩》 (冊頁)

TYPE：Album leaf

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷)(1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty, ca.1697

MEDIUM：Ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：30.0 x 34.3 cm

CREDIT LINE：Purchase -- fundsprovided by the E. Rhodes and Leona B. Carpenter Foundation in honor of the75th Anniversary of the Freer Gallery of Art.

Poemby Zeng Gong in running-standard script 行楷書曾鞏《山水屏詩》 (冊頁)

TYPE：Album leaves (two)

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷)(1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty, ca.1697

MEDIUM：Ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：26.0 x 51.6 cm

CREDIT LINE：Purchase -- fundsprovided by the E. Rhodes and Leona B. Carpenter Foundation in honor of the75th Anniversary of the Freer Gallery of Art.

Landscapeafter Dong Yuan 仿北苑山水圖 (冊頁)

TYPE：Album leaf

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷)(1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty, ca.1693

MEDIUM：Ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：26.5 x 14.3 cm

CREDIT LINE：Purchase -- fundsprovided by the E. Rhodes and Leona B. Carpenter Foundation in honor of the75th Anniversary of the Freer Gallery of Art.

Excerptfrom the "Preface to the Sacred Teachings" in running-standard script行楷節臨褚遂良書《聖教序》 (冊頁)

TYPE：Album leaf

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷)(1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty, ca.1693

MEDIUM：Ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：26.5 x 14.3 cm

CREDIT LINE：Purchase -- fundsprovided by the E. Rhodes and Leona B. Carpenter Foundation in honor of the75th Anniversary of the Freer Gallery of Art.

TangPoem in running-cursive script 行草書唐詩

TYPE：Hanging scroll

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷)(1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty,1702-03

MEDIUM：Ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：274.2 x 61.2 cm

CREDIT LINE：Bequest from thecollection of Wang Fangyu and Sum Wai, donated in their memory by Mr. Shao F.Wang.

Tang Poem in running-cursive script 行草書唐詩

TYPE：Hanging scroll

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷) (1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty,1702-03

MEDIUM：Ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：274.4 x 61.2cm

CREDIT LINE：Bequest fromthe collection of Wang Fangyu and Sum Wai, donated in their memory by Mr. ShaoF. Wang.

Tang Poem in running-cursive script 行草書唐詩

TYPE：Hanging scroll

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷) (1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty,1702-03

MEDIUM：Ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：274.1 x 61.3cm

CREDIT LINE：Bequest fromthe collection of Wang Fangyu and Sum Wai, donated in their memory by Mr. ShaoF. Wang.

Tang Poem in running-cursive script 行草書唐詩

TYPE：Hanging scroll

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷) (1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty,1702-03

MEDIUM：Ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：274.1 x 61.1cm

CREDIT LINE：Bequest fromthe collection of Wang Fangyu and Sum Wai, donated in their memory by Mr. ShaoF. Wang.

Coupletin running script 行書五言對聯

TYPE：Hanging scrolls(pair)

MAKER(S)：Artist: Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) 八大山人 (朱耷)(1626-1705)

HISTORICAL PERIOD(S)：Qing dynasty, ca.1702

MEDIUM：Pair of hangingscrolls; ink on paper

DIMENSION(S)：140.8 x 30.4 cm

CREDIT LINE：Purchase -- fundsprovided by the E. Rhodes and Leona B. Carpenter Foundation in honor of the75th Anniversary of the Freer Gallery of Art.

引首【释文】安晚。少文反所游履，图之于室，此志也。甲戌夏至退翁先生属书 八大山人 【钤】黄竹园（白文方形印）八大山人（白文方形印）

瓶花 【花押】个相如吃【钤】八大山人（朱文无框屐形印）

玉兰 【款】 八大山人 【钤】禊堂（白文长方形印）

山水 【题识】向者约南登，往复宗公子。荆巫水一斛，已涉图画里。八大山人画并题【钤】八大山人（朱文无框屐形印）

竹石 【款】 八大山人【钤】个相如吃（白文方形印）

鳜鱼 【题识】左右此何水，名之曰曲河。更求渊注处，料得晚霞多。八大山人画并题 【钤】八大山人（朱文无框屐形印）禊堂（白文长方形印）

鸟石 【款】黄竹园画 八大山人【钤】黄竹园（白文方形印）

荷花 【花押】个相如吃【钤】在芙山房（白文方形印）

猫 【题识】林公不二门，出入王与许。如公《法华》疏，象喻者笼虎。八大山人题【钤】八大山人（朱文无框屐形印）

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来源：2017-04-07月雅书画月雅书画