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"299 Object". Tank limit parameters and family of vehicles
Not so long ago, the Russian Ministry of Defense decided that all new models of armored combat vehicles should be built on the basis of unified platforms. On one chassis, with minimal alterations, it should be built Tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, etc. It is worth noting that this idea is not a novelty and appeared a long time ago. Moreover, attempts were made to implement it, which yielded certain results. For example, a new chapter in stories Domestic heavy armored vehicles could become a universal chassis based on the tank "Object 299".
General view of the tank limit parameters "Object 299"
As is known, at a certain period Soviet engineers formed the concept of a tank of limiting parameters. It envisaged the creation of armored vehicles with the highest possible performance, built on the basis of the most advanced solutions. The next study of such ideas, carried out since the beginning of the eighties, led to the emergence of a proposal to create a universal armored tracked chassis, suitable for use not only as a basis for advanced tanks.
Not only tank
Not later than the mid-eighties, the design bureau of the Leningrad Kirov Plant began to work out the appearance of the new tank for limiting parameters based on a number of non-standard solutions. The main objectives of the new project were to increase the protection and survivability of the armored vehicle and to improve the fire performance. In addition, it was planned to ensure the highest possible mobility on the battlefield. To solve all these problems new original ideas should be used. The project of the new tank received the working designation "Object 299".
Tank in cut
From a certain time, “299 Object” was no longer considered as a new development for armored forces. There are proposals to use the chassis of this tank as a universal platform for equipment of various purposes. First of all, it was proposed to develop protected vehicles for infantry or carriers of various weapons. The possibility of developing engineering machines or even civilian equipment was also considered.
As far as is known, the projects of technology based on the new platform did not receive their own designation. In the available materials, all these developments appear only under the name of the base tank and with the mention of their class. However, such names of the form “BMP on the basis of the“ 299 Object ”are unlikely to cause confusion.
Tank protection
The “299 Object” was created as a tank of limit parameters, and therefore had a number of special features. Some of the ideas proposed touched on the hull and chassis design, which in an understandable way should have affected other samples. When creating a new tank, special attention was paid to protection and mobility, with the result that it acquired a characteristic appearance and design.
Crew Armored Capsule Design
The LKZ designers understood the threats that a tank of the future might face, and took appropriate measures. "299 Object" received a uniquely powerful frontal projection protection. Of particular interest in this context is the design of the armor corps, which could later become the basis for new combat and auxiliary vehicles. To enhance the protection of the habitable compartment, it was decided to use the front-engine hull layout, and the crew jobs were placed inside a separate armor module.
The frontal part of the hull was a combined armored barrier of a wedge-shaped profile, equipped with blocks of dynamic protection. Behind such a forehead was placed the engine compartment, also performing the functions of protecting the crew. Only behind the engine compartment placed a protected crew capsule. Thus, the distance between the extreme front point of the case and the frontal sheet of the capsule exceeded 2,5-3 m. It was filled with various security features and other units, which made it extremely difficult to damage people or vital devices.
The power plant for the tank and cars on its base
The sides and the roof of the hull received less powerful, but still serious protection. Homogeneous armor parts had seats for the installation of dynamic protection units. The board and the undercarriage were additionally covered with screens with similar equipment. Metal fins, necessary for additional impact on the projectile or the cumulative jet, were provided between the DZ blocks.
The designers considered all this protection insufficient, and therefore the crew decided to place them in their own capsule. In the central part of the case, it was proposed to install a separate unit with its own multilayer protection. The capsule consisted of panels of multilayer armor. Its front inclined sheet additionally equipped with DZ. Curiously, these security elements should have been placed under the sheets of the main body. The thickness of the individual elements of the capsule reached 250 mm, envelope - 775 mm.
The entire aft hull was given under armament or other targeted equipment. For example, the base project "Object 299" provided for the use of a fully automatic combat compartment with rendered weapons. On a swivel base it was planned to install a 152-mm gun of high power. Special stores were supposed to serve ammunition from automated stowing. The fighting compartment was concealed from the side, back and top by armor and dynamic protection.
A prototype 299 Object used in testing.
Armor and remote sensing system was supposed to supplement the complex of active protection. With the help of his own radar stations, he had to monitor the situation and hit the projectiles or missiles flying in time. Thanks to this advanced armor and additional protection of the tank would not often have to feel the impact of anti-tank weapons.
Mobility issues
According to preliminary calculations, the “299 Object” was supposed to have a combat mass of no more than 50 tons. It was planned to ensure the highest possible mobility, which required the development of a new power plant. The engine compartment of the new tank, as already mentioned, was placed in front of the manned volume and served as an additional protection for the crew.
Front view
Taking into account the experience of the T-80 project, it was decided to build a power plant based on a gas turbine engine. Based on the developments of the existing GTD-1000 and GTD-1250 projects, new 1400, 1500, 1800 and 2000 HP engines should be developed. All this allowed to obtain the highest power density and the corresponding driving performance. So, the speed on the highway could reach 80-90 km / h. It should have been easier to overcome various obstacles. It is curious that more powerful engines made it possible to obtain certain savings. Already on the power level 1400-1500 hp gas turbine system for fuel consumption differed little from a comparable diesel.
The engine was included in the complex power plant, made in the form of a single removable unit. The latter should also contain various systems and tools. The possibility of equipping the installation of an electromechanical transmission was considered. With a margin for the future, it was worked out to equip the power plant with a relatively powerful electric generator.
Feed with door for access to the rear housing section
Engine torque was given to the front drive wheels. Chassis received seven road wheels on each side. Used hydropneumatic adjustable suspension. For proper distribution of loads, the rollers could be installed at different intervals: the distance between them was reduced in the aft hull, under the fighting compartment.
Tank family
With a successful solution of all the set design and technological tasks LKZ could create a unique combat vehicle. Moreover, the tank chassis "Object 299" could be used in the development of equipment for other purposes, both military and civilian. For this reason, in the late eighties, several new projects of various kinds were worked out. First of all, the possibility of “mastering” new military specialties was studied.
Possible composition of the family of vehicles on the chassis "Object 299"
Probably the most interesting modification of the “299 Object” could be the rocket tank. On its roof it was planned to install a remote-controlled turret with a machine gun for self-defense. In the same place it was necessary to mount optical-electronic systems and missile controls. The main ammunition was placed in the aft compartment of the hull. In the fighting compartment managed to place a vertical launcher on 30 missiles. Hatches for the exit of rockets were covered with mobile armored covers. In battle, such a tank could support the troops, destroying armored vehicles and strengthening the enemy.
The aft compartment could be improved by increasing its height and installing it inside the landing chair. In this case, the chassis turned into a heavy-duty infantry fighting vehicle. This project also included the installation of a remote-controlled turret with a small-caliber cannon, a large-caliber machine gun and an automatic grenade launcher. Inside the troop compartment with aft doors were placed 11 fighters with weapons, as well as a supply of food and water for work for several days.
A kind of processing of the base tank could be self-propelled artillery. In this case, instead of a cannon-type cannon launcher, a full-size tower, also uninhabited, should be used. Apparently, the issue of equipping a self-propelled gun with an 152 caliber mm or more was being worked out.
Draft rocket tank. Fighting compartment given under the vertical launchers
The 299 Object chassis could be the basis for several utility vehicles. At the same time, different equipment was to be installed on the unified case. The possibility of creating a command-staff and reconnaissance vehicles, a transport-loading unit for various artillery or missile systems was considered. Engineering troops could offer an armored vehicle lashing. All of these samples in the future should have been working at the forefront, and protection at the level of the tank’s limit parameters would obviously not hurt them.
In the case of interest from the relevant structures, a unified chassis could find work in the non-military sphere. Several types of machines, devoid of armor and weapons, had to carry communications and control equipment, engineering equipment and even cargo platforms. Civilian modifications of the “299 Object” were initially developed with the participation of the military department, but later the newly created Ministry of Emergency Situations showed interest in this technology.
Plans and their implementation
The Leningrad Kirov Plant could develop, build, test and put in a series several samples of combat, auxiliary and civilian equipment based on a unified chassis. However, it was first necessary to establish the real characteristics of the chassis designed for the tank. In the late eighties, the company built a so-called. running model of the future car.
Machine control and intelligence
According to known data, the layout repeated the hull lines and used the selected layout solutions. At the same time, there were no armor, dynamic protection and other attributes of military equipment in its design. In the engine compartment was a gas turbine engine of one of the existing types. For the convenience of the crew, the habitable compartment was made open at the top and a cap with glazing was installed on it. With the help of a simple ballast, the model was loaded to the required mass. In this form, an experimental machine was sent for testing.
According to known data, before the beginning of the nineties, the mock-up "Object 299" had time to go through long and difficult tests, during which it was able to show all its driving characteristics. Apparently, it was not without comments, but after a certain refinement the basic design of the tank could have a great future. And in the future, in the case of the appearance of relevant orders, other machines could appear on the basis of the existing chassis.
She is in the cut
However, all the proposed projects have not been developed. They appeared at a very difficult time for our country. At the turn of the eighties and nineties, the financial capabilities of the military department declined sharply, forcing him to abandon a number of promising projects. One of the victims of these reductions was the tank of the 299 Object Limit Parameters. The rejection of this project predetermined the fate of the entire family of military and civilian equipment. As a result, all the work was abandoned.
The project and its followers
Initially, the 299 Object project involved the development of only a tank with the highest possible characteristics. However, the proposed chassis was considered very successful, and therefore soon there were several options for its use in the creation of technology of other classes. With a successful development of events, this allowed for the re-equipment of ground forces at the expense of unified samples for various purposes. The advantages of this approach were obvious. In addition, the new technology had to show the highest performance, which also gave certain advantages.
Ramp-off Engineering Machine with Remote Control
However, the project appeared in difficult times, and therefore had no chance of full implementation. The “299 object” did not advance further than a prototype test, and the construction of a full-fledged tank or vehicles on its base was out of the question. In fact, the project was put an end.
However, the idea of building machinery based on a tank chassis was not forgotten. Two decades later, it was remembered, rethought and reworked, resulting in a modern concept of a unified platform. Direct ideological successor "Object 299" can now be considered a platform "Armata". On its basis, a tank, a heavy infantry fighting vehicle and some other samples have already been created. It is possible that in the near future, this chassis will become the basis for the next types of equipment for a particular purpose.
Multipurpose transport vehicle
According to various estimates, the successful implementation of the current Armat project will lead to a serious re-equipment of the Russian ground forces with a simultaneous increase in their combat power. As for the “299 Object” and a whole family of equipment based on it, they could also lead to similar results, but now it remains only to regret that the difficult situation of the past years did not allow to realize the full potential of the original project. However, the difficulties of the past have been overcome, and now the industry is ready to create new models and families based on modern developments and technologies.
Based on:
http://btvt.narod.ru/
http://alternathistory.com/
https://strangernn.livejournal.com/
http://gurkhan.blogspot.com/
Efremov A.S. Tank limit parameters - a dream or a reality? // Technique and weapons, 2011. No.5.
Efremov A.S. Tank limit parameters. The family of machines on a single basic unified combat platform // Technique and armament, 2012. No.2.
General view of the tank limit parameters "Object 299"
As is known, at a certain period Soviet engineers formed the concept of a tank of limiting parameters. It envisaged the creation of armored vehicles with the highest possible performance, built on the basis of the most advanced solutions. The next study of such ideas, carried out since the beginning of the eighties, led to the emergence of a proposal to create a universal armored tracked chassis, suitable for use not only as a basis for advanced tanks.
Not only tank
Not later than the mid-eighties, the design bureau of the Leningrad Kirov Plant began to work out the appearance of the new tank for limiting parameters based on a number of non-standard solutions. The main objectives of the new project were to increase the protection and survivability of the armored vehicle and to improve the fire performance. In addition, it was planned to ensure the highest possible mobility on the battlefield. To solve all these problems new original ideas should be used. The project of the new tank received the working designation "Object 299".
Tank in cut
From a certain time, “299 Object” was no longer considered as a new development for armored forces. There are proposals to use the chassis of this tank as a universal platform for equipment of various purposes. First of all, it was proposed to develop protected vehicles for infantry or carriers of various weapons. The possibility of developing engineering machines or even civilian equipment was also considered.
As far as is known, the projects of technology based on the new platform did not receive their own designation. In the available materials, all these developments appear only under the name of the base tank and with the mention of their class. However, such names of the form “BMP on the basis of the“ 299 Object ”are unlikely to cause confusion.
Tank protection
The “299 Object” was created as a tank of limit parameters, and therefore had a number of special features. Some of the ideas proposed touched on the hull and chassis design, which in an understandable way should have affected other samples. When creating a new tank, special attention was paid to protection and mobility, with the result that it acquired a characteristic appearance and design.
Crew Armored Capsule Design
The LKZ designers understood the threats that a tank of the future might face, and took appropriate measures. "299 Object" received a uniquely powerful frontal projection protection. Of particular interest in this context is the design of the armor corps, which could later become the basis for new combat and auxiliary vehicles. To enhance the protection of the habitable compartment, it was decided to use the front-engine hull layout, and the crew jobs were placed inside a separate armor module.
The frontal part of the hull was a combined armored barrier of a wedge-shaped profile, equipped with blocks of dynamic protection. Behind such a forehead was placed the engine compartment, also performing the functions of protecting the crew. Only behind the engine compartment placed a protected crew capsule. Thus, the distance between the extreme front point of the case and the frontal sheet of the capsule exceeded 2,5-3 m. It was filled with various security features and other units, which made it extremely difficult to damage people or vital devices.
The power plant for the tank and cars on its base
The sides and the roof of the hull received less powerful, but still serious protection. Homogeneous armor parts had seats for the installation of dynamic protection units. The board and the undercarriage were additionally covered with screens with similar equipment. Metal fins, necessary for additional impact on the projectile or the cumulative jet, were provided between the DZ blocks.
The designers considered all this protection insufficient, and therefore the crew decided to place them in their own capsule. In the central part of the case, it was proposed to install a separate unit with its own multilayer protection. The capsule consisted of panels of multilayer armor. Its front inclined sheet additionally equipped with DZ. Curiously, these security elements should have been placed under the sheets of the main body. The thickness of the individual elements of the capsule reached 250 mm, envelope - 775 mm.
The entire aft hull was given under armament or other targeted equipment. For example, the base project "Object 299" provided for the use of a fully automatic combat compartment with rendered weapons. On a swivel base it was planned to install a 152-mm gun of high power. Special stores were supposed to serve ammunition from automated stowing. The fighting compartment was concealed from the side, back and top by armor and dynamic protection.
A prototype 299 Object used in testing.
Armor and remote sensing system was supposed to supplement the complex of active protection. With the help of his own radar stations, he had to monitor the situation and hit the projectiles or missiles flying in time. Thanks to this advanced armor and additional protection of the tank would not often have to feel the impact of anti-tank weapons.
Mobility issues
According to preliminary calculations, the “299 Object” was supposed to have a combat mass of no more than 50 tons. It was planned to ensure the highest possible mobility, which required the development of a new power plant. The engine compartment of the new tank, as already mentioned, was placed in front of the manned volume and served as an additional protection for the crew.
Front view
Taking into account the experience of the T-80 project, it was decided to build a power plant based on a gas turbine engine. Based on the developments of the existing GTD-1000 and GTD-1250 projects, new 1400, 1500, 1800 and 2000 HP engines should be developed. All this allowed to obtain the highest power density and the corresponding driving performance. So, the speed on the highway could reach 80-90 km / h. It should have been easier to overcome various obstacles. It is curious that more powerful engines made it possible to obtain certain savings. Already on the power level 1400-1500 hp gas turbine system for fuel consumption differed little from a comparable diesel.
The engine was included in the complex power plant, made in the form of a single removable unit. The latter should also contain various systems and tools. The possibility of equipping the installation of an electromechanical transmission was considered. With a margin for the future, it was worked out to equip the power plant with a relatively powerful electric generator.
Feed with door for access to the rear housing section
Engine torque was given to the front drive wheels. Chassis received seven road wheels on each side. Used hydropneumatic adjustable suspension. For proper distribution of loads, the rollers could be installed at different intervals: the distance between them was reduced in the aft hull, under the fighting compartment.
Tank family
With a successful solution of all the set design and technological tasks LKZ could create a unique combat vehicle. Moreover, the tank chassis "Object 299" could be used in the development of equipment for other purposes, both military and civilian. For this reason, in the late eighties, several new projects of various kinds were worked out. First of all, the possibility of “mastering” new military specialties was studied.
Possible composition of the family of vehicles on the chassis "Object 299"
Probably the most interesting modification of the “299 Object” could be the rocket tank. On its roof it was planned to install a remote-controlled turret with a machine gun for self-defense. In the same place it was necessary to mount optical-electronic systems and missile controls. The main ammunition was placed in the aft compartment of the hull. In the fighting compartment managed to place a vertical launcher on 30 missiles. Hatches for the exit of rockets were covered with mobile armored covers. In battle, such a tank could support the troops, destroying armored vehicles and strengthening the enemy.
The aft compartment could be improved by increasing its height and installing it inside the landing chair. In this case, the chassis turned into a heavy-duty infantry fighting vehicle. This project also included the installation of a remote-controlled turret with a small-caliber cannon, a large-caliber machine gun and an automatic grenade launcher. Inside the troop compartment with aft doors were placed 11 fighters with weapons, as well as a supply of food and water for work for several days.
A kind of processing of the base tank could be self-propelled artillery. In this case, instead of a cannon-type cannon launcher, a full-size tower, also uninhabited, should be used. Apparently, the issue of equipping a self-propelled gun with an 152 caliber mm or more was being worked out.
Draft rocket tank. Fighting compartment given under the vertical launchers
The 299 Object chassis could be the basis for several utility vehicles. At the same time, different equipment was to be installed on the unified case. The possibility of creating a command-staff and reconnaissance vehicles, a transport-loading unit for various artillery or missile systems was considered. Engineering troops could offer an armored vehicle lashing. All of these samples in the future should have been working at the forefront, and protection at the level of the tank’s limit parameters would obviously not hurt them.
In the case of interest from the relevant structures, a unified chassis could find work in the non-military sphere. Several types of machines, devoid of armor and weapons, had to carry communications and control equipment, engineering equipment and even cargo platforms. Civilian modifications of the “299 Object” were initially developed with the participation of the military department, but later the newly created Ministry of Emergency Situations showed interest in this technology.
Plans and their implementation
The Leningrad Kirov Plant could develop, build, test and put in a series several samples of combat, auxiliary and civilian equipment based on a unified chassis. However, it was first necessary to establish the real characteristics of the chassis designed for the tank. In the late eighties, the company built a so-called. running model of the future car.
Machine control and intelligence
According to known data, the layout repeated the hull lines and used the selected layout solutions. At the same time, there were no armor, dynamic protection and other attributes of military equipment in its design. In the engine compartment was a gas turbine engine of one of the existing types. For the convenience of the crew, the habitable compartment was made open at the top and a cap with glazing was installed on it. With the help of a simple ballast, the model was loaded to the required mass. In this form, an experimental machine was sent for testing.
According to known data, before the beginning of the nineties, the mock-up "Object 299" had time to go through long and difficult tests, during which it was able to show all its driving characteristics. Apparently, it was not without comments, but after a certain refinement the basic design of the tank could have a great future. And in the future, in the case of the appearance of relevant orders, other machines could appear on the basis of the existing chassis.
She is in the cut
However, all the proposed projects have not been developed. They appeared at a very difficult time for our country. At the turn of the eighties and nineties, the financial capabilities of the military department declined sharply, forcing him to abandon a number of promising projects. One of the victims of these reductions was the tank of the 299 Object Limit Parameters. The rejection of this project predetermined the fate of the entire family of military and civilian equipment. As a result, all the work was abandoned.
The project and its followers
Initially, the 299 Object project involved the development of only a tank with the highest possible characteristics. However, the proposed chassis was considered very successful, and therefore soon there were several options for its use in the creation of technology of other classes. With a successful development of events, this allowed for the re-equipment of ground forces at the expense of unified samples for various purposes. The advantages of this approach were obvious. In addition, the new technology had to show the highest performance, which also gave certain advantages.
Ramp-off Engineering Machine with Remote Control
However, the project appeared in difficult times, and therefore had no chance of full implementation. The “299 object” did not advance further than a prototype test, and the construction of a full-fledged tank or vehicles on its base was out of the question. In fact, the project was put an end.
However, the idea of building machinery based on a tank chassis was not forgotten. Two decades later, it was remembered, rethought and reworked, resulting in a modern concept of a unified platform. Direct ideological successor "Object 299" can now be considered a platform "Armata". On its basis, a tank, a heavy infantry fighting vehicle and some other samples have already been created. It is possible that in the near future, this chassis will become the basis for the next types of equipment for a particular purpose.
Multipurpose transport vehicle
According to various estimates, the successful implementation of the current Armat project will lead to a serious re-equipment of the Russian ground forces with a simultaneous increase in their combat power. As for the “299 Object” and a whole family of equipment based on it, they could also lead to similar results, but now it remains only to regret that the difficult situation of the past years did not allow to realize the full potential of the original project. However, the difficulties of the past have been overcome, and now the industry is ready to create new models and families based on modern developments and technologies.
Based on:
http://btvt.narod.ru/
http://alternathistory.com/
https://strangernn.livejournal.com/
http://gurkhan.blogspot.com/
Efremov A.S. Tank limit parameters - a dream or a reality? // Technique and weapons, 2011. No.5.
Efremov A.S. Tank limit parameters. The family of machines on a single basic unified combat platform // Technique and armament, 2012. No.2.
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