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Unit5 Languages Around the World

billion/ˈbɪljən / n.十亿

native/ˈneɪtɪv/ adj.出生地的;本地的;土著的 n.本地人

attitude/ˈætɪtju:d; NAmE 'ætitu:d/ n.态度;看法

reference/ˈrefrəns / n.指称关系;参考

refer/ rɪˈfɜ:(r) / (referred , referred , referring) vi.提到;参考;查阅 vt.查询;叫……求助于

refer to指的是;描述;提到;查阅

system/ˈsɪstəm / n.体系;制度;系统

despite/dɪˈspaɪt / prep. 即使;尽管

ups and downs浮沉;兴衰;荣辱

factor/ˈfæktə(r)/ n. 因素;要素

based/beɪst/ adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的

base/beɪs/ vt. 以……为据点;以……为基础 n. 底部;根据

date back (to ...)追溯到

bone/ bəʊn / n.骨头;骨(质)

shell/ʃel / n.壳;壳状物

symbol/ˈsɪmbl / n. 符号;象征

carve/ kɑ:v / vt. & vi 雕刻

dynasty/ˈdɪnəsti; NAmE ' dai-/ n.王朝;朝代

variety/vəˈraɪəti/ n. (植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化

major/ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/ adj.主要的;重要的;大的 n.主修课程;主修学生 vi.主修;专门研究

no matter where, who, what, etc.不论……;不管……

dialect/'daɪəlekt/ n.地方话;方言

means/mi:nz/ n.方式;方法;途径

classic/ˈklæsɪk/ adj.传统的;最优秀的;典型的 n.经典作品;名著

regard/rɪˈgɑ:d/ n.尊重;关注 vt.把……视为;看待

character/'kærəktə(r)/ n.文字;符号;角色;品质;特点

calligraphy/ kəˈlɪɡrəfi / n.书法;书法艺术

global/'gləʊbəl/ adj.全球的;全世界的

affair/əˈfeə(r)/ n.公共事务;事件;关系

appreciate/ə'pri:ʃieɪt / vt. 欣赏;重视;感激;领会 vi.增值

specific/spəˈsɪfɪk/ adj.特定的;明确的;具体的

CE/ˌsi: ˈi:/ (Common Era) 公元

struggle/ˈstrʌgl/ n.&vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗

tongue/tʌŋ/ n.舌头;语言

point of view观点;看法

semester/sɪˈmestə(r)/ n.学期

gas/ɡæs/ n.汽油;气体;燃气

petrol/'petrəl/ n. (NAmE gas ) 汽油

subway/'sʌbweɪ/ n.(BrE underground) 地铁

apartment/ə'pɑ:tmənt/ n.(especially NAmE) 公寓套房

pants/ pænts / n. [pl.] (BrE )内裤;短裤;(especially NAmE )裤子

beg/beg/ vt. 恳求;祈求;哀求

equal/'i:kwəl / n.同等的人;相等物adj. 相同的;同样的

gap/gæp/ n.间隔;开口;差距

demand/dɪˈmɑ:nd/ n.要求;需求vt. 强烈要求;需要 vi.查问

vocabulary/və'kæbjələri ; NAmE -leri / n.词汇

description/dɪˈskrɪpʃn/ n.描写(文字);形容

relate/rɪˈleɪt / vt.联系;讲述

relate to与……相关;涉及;谈到

THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM:

CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENT

汉语书写体系：连接古今

China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.

尽管历史跌宕起伏，中国因其古老文明一直延续至今而闻名于世。其存续的原因有很多，但主要因素之一是汉字的书写体系。

At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today’s hanzi.

起初，汉语是一种基于图形的语言。它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期——古代中国人在这些骨头和壳上面刻画简单的符号。这些符号在今天的汉字中仍然可以看到。

By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600-1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221-207BCE).

到商朝(约公元前1600年~前1046年右)时，这些符号已经演变成一套完善的书写体系。在随后的年代里，这一体系发展成了不同的形式，这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔，从而导致不同的方言和汉字变体的产生。然而，这在秦朝(公元前221-前207年)秦始皇统治时期发生了变化。

Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.

秦始皇统一七个诸侯国后，在这个统一的国家里，汉字书写体系开始朝着一个方向发展。这一书写体系对于团结中国人民和中国文化具有重要意义。即使在今天，不管住在哪里，也不管说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。

Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past. People in modem times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.

汉语也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。现代中国人可以阅读古代中国人撰写的经典作品。中国人对其书写体系推崇备至，这体现在汉字发展为一种艺术形式——书法。书法已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。

Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.

如今，汉字书写体系仍然是中国文化的重要组成部分。随着中国在全球事务中扮演着越来越重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉字这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。

Learning English

学习英语

Wang Le:Hey, everybody, what are your biggest problems with learning English?

王乐：嘿，各位，请问你们在学习英语时遇到的最大问题是什么?

Liu Wen:Hi! I’ve been studying English since primary school. I used to get high marks in English, but now I’m having a lot of trouble with my listening. When I listen to native English speakers talking in a video, I can catch only a few words. I can never quite get the main idea. Any advice?

刘文：你好!我从小学就开始一直学习英语。我以前英语成绩挺好的，但现在我的听力有很大的麻烦。我在视频中听以英语为母语的人说话时，只能听明白几个单词。我从来就没能完全搞懂过大意。有什么建议吗?

Jia Xin:Listening to English radio programmes helps me get used to how fast native speakers talk. I also repeat what I hear to help myself to experience the feeling of the language. Sometimes I even record my voice so I can listen to myself and compare my pronunciation with the radio host’s! My biggest headache is how to be polite in English. It’s so much easier to just say “Open the window!”, but in English that can sound really terrible. I have to think about who I’m talking to and then decide whether to say, “Open the window, please!” or “Could you open the window, please?” or even longer “Would you mind opening the window, please?”

佳欣：听英语广播节目有助于我习惯母语人士的说速。我还会复述我所听到的，以此来培养语感。有时我甚至还给自己录音，这样一来，我可以听自己的发音，并把我的发音与广播主持人进行比较!我最头疼的问题是如何得体地使用英语。说“打开窗户!”很容易，但在英语里，这样说听起来真的太糟糕了。我必须考虑到我在跟谁说话，然后再决定是说“请打开窗户!”还是“请你打开窗户，好吗?”或者说句更长的“请问，您介意打开窗户吗? ”

Li Rui:Yeah, that’s really hard! I think it all depends on who you’re talking to. If I’m talking to a close friend, I can use short requests, like “Open the window”—our relationship is close and we’re equals, so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us. But if I’m talking to someone who isn’t very close to me, I must make my request longer—and I must make it a question, not a demand, e.g., “Could you open the window, please?” If I’m talking to someone senior to me, then I should say, “Would you mind opening the window, please?” For me, vocabulary is my biggest problem—there are just SO MANY new words!I can’t keep all the new vocabulary straight in my head, and I certainly can’t remember how to use them all properly. HELP!

李瑞：是的，这真的很难!我认为这完全取决于你在跟谁说话。如果我是跟一位好朋友说话，我可以用简短的请求，比如“打开窗户” ，这是因为我们的关系亲密，彼此平等，所以我只需要几个字就能让对方明白我的意思。但是，如果我是跟一个与我不太亲近的人说话，那么我得把我的请求说得长一些—— 我得把它变成一个疑问句，而不是一个要求，例如，“麻烦你打开窗户，好吗?”如果我跟一个比我年长的人说话，那么我得说：“请问，您是否介意打开窗户呢?”对我而言，词汇是最大的问题——生词实在太多了!我不无法在脑子里记住所有的生词，当然也就记不住如何恰当地使用这些词汇。帮帮我吧!

文章由奇速英语整理，转载注明来源；奇速英语尊重原创，如涉及版权问题，请联系我们处理。

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