世界大战西方战线攻略

august first nineteen fourteen after the assassination of prince franz ferdinand of the austro hungarian empire the german empire declares war on russia， because of established alliances france is preparing for conflict a few hours after the announcement of the general mobilization and civilians living in france are asked to leave the country carl is one of them a few days after carl was deported the war was hungry for more and took away a meal as well a heavy hearted meal was called up to fight and left the farm for semiel like so many others he had no idea what fate had in store for him vander pickle vander the grill will naable door and wake me you yeah archie my dear marie we are on the way to paris the atmosphere here is strangely cheerful now i hope that the harvest goes well rely on our neighbors for help they've always been gracious and charitable people i'll write again as soon as i get my assignment， please kiss my little grandson for me at the train depot in paris trying to reach his regiment at platform twenty one emile would meet the man he would soon fight alongside the man who would come to be his truest friend hey hey groom hello， i'm sure to be now thank you river i'm freshly well you're funny listen august twenty first nineteen fourteen emil's regiment was sent to fight against the seventy first german division led by baron vondorf the general cheer of the first hours dissipated into the fear of first combat。 向右看齐步走 六六六 have him miss marician private emile ion from the one hundred fiftieth infantry regiment was wounded by enemy fire on august twenty first， he has been captured by the enemy hopefully， you shall receive news from him soon， freddy originally from america and listed voluntarily in the french forces at the start of the war behind his bravery had a man already devastated by the war's effects a man with one soul obsession punished those who had destroyed his life it was at the battle of the mon that freddy finally picked up the trail of the regiment commanded by baron von wolf let it go brother them clint manster， oh get started thanks to support from british forces the german plan failed the front line moved back to the north and with the arrival of winter froze soldiers hold up a mid a vast labyrinth of trenches and tunnels that would become the indelible image of the great war carl's regiment retreated to the outskirts of new chapel the same camp where a meal was being held prisoner hahahaha including go go maria let's go chaver dearest papa， we live in a climate of uncertainty germans use the people of some yell as human shields against the french bombings i hope the germans treat you well and that your wound has healed your grandson sent you kisses i sent you a picture of him my love please write soon they'll see where are you both what okay the british troops continued their attack on neuve chavez their next objective take back poured arthur sure yes， sir， yeah， i got my butt going yeah huh merciman of you director gallery's fundo amidst the never ending attacks and counter attacks freddy and emile hunted the elusive baron and his regiment in eep on april twenty second nineteen fifteen chlorine gas was used for the first time by the germans go go go what what what 哎 go yeah that is have him in look at that what does you have him here thank you my friend give you a head don't worry come here come here come here！ hey her name was anna a belgian student living in paris she was hard on the trail of her missing father for once fate smiled on them they were all going in the same direction but while approaching vimi a german squadron spotted them oh oh oh！ 快递 下巴厉害了 baby alley 是的 now hello yeah where are you portioning 啊？ what okay the foot？ what what ah baron vandorf had escaped again but a meal had still managed to find medicine for freddy they were quickly back on the road again their journey would take them to runs where they would at last pick up the trail of the elusive baron and his zeppelin begin what hey hey what hey what what ready get back on for that smash dog mama， oh yeah samantha for that smush hahahaha housting game yeah yeah yeah yeah no。

until in god's good time then you will with all its power that bite skit spoke to the best killing and the liberation of the old it's done the animal beloved suppose that will let you love the alien study take your money there lena 嗯。

这段视频通过分别讨论第一次世界大战期间法国、英国、德国、俄国骑兵在西线、巴勒斯坦、罗马尼亚东线的作战情况，得出如下结论，一、 骑兵在西线仍可发挥战术上的作用，但骑兵集团已不具备战役和战略价值。二、在除西线外的其他各条战线， 骑兵的作用更加突出，尤其是在巴勒斯坦战线发挥了决定性作用。三、在第一次世界大战期间，骑兵在战场上仍有不可替代的重要作用，但常常被错误的使用。四、 其兵退出历史舞台是一个渐进的历史过程。 by the end of the first world war warfare had been changed forever by tanks， modern artillery， rifles， machine guns， airplanes， poison gas and all the other novel methods of killing common wisdom says that cavalry was useless in this new modern war， but was that really the case the cavalry is one of the oldest arms in history and in 1914， there were well over 700 thousand cavalrymen in european armies the period leading up to world war i saw it rapidly evolved to keep up with new technology and tactics by the start of the war cavalry regiments had machine guns skirmished and spread out formations to avoid enemy， firepower and mobile horse artillery moved powerful guns around the battlefield at pace military thinkers also debated about how cavalry could be the most effective in combat should they use their rifles and machine guns from a distance or get closer to the enemy and use revolvers lances or sabers most agreed a mixture of both would be best including the 1912 british cavalry training manual partly written by douglas hegg the rifle endows cavalry with great independence cavalry must be prepared therefore to use either the sword or the rifle or the two in combination german pre war regulations also called on cavalry to attack when they had infantry or artillery support， but their job included many other missions like reconnaissance reregard actions raids behind enemy lines and exploiting gaps made in the front by other arms once the war began in 1914， even though it was primarily an infantry and artillery war all these theoretical ideas about cavalry would be put to the test every army fielded all sorts of cavalry and its role would change as the conflict evolved， but let's start with a quick look at france the french army have a reputation for contradictions in 1914， their infantry still wore its infamous red trousers and their heavy creed ica cavalry still wore metal breastplates and fancy looking helmets and indeed french cavalry ran into serious problems at the start of the war， one of the main issues was their standard of horse mastership the skills of individual cavalrymen in caring for their animals the french had not placed much emphasis on the long term health and survival of their horses in training and this had deadly affects in 1914， when men and animals were pushed to the limit for example the first cavalry corps marched into belgium and then retreated back into france in 38 days of non stop movement over one thousand five hundred kilometers the writers in the vanguard averaged eighty seven kilometers a day which meant that the germans were often the least of their worries many horses ended up dying because of french doctrine troopers rarely dismounted， which led to sores forming on the animal's backs which often got infected and killed them standing orders also prevented the men from watering their mounts as often as necessary a source of frustration to one squadron commander we were forbidden to water the horses to avoid lengthening the divisions interminably the fact that it was midsummer and the horses became tired easily made frequent watering all the more necessary the roots became marked by horses in agony， who partly from lack of water unable to throw off the poisons， which fatigue had accumulated in their system were seized by rigor mortis before dying by 1916， the french adapted and were following the british example in horse mastership since the british had learned hard lessons about horse care during the second bore war with these changes in place french cavalry scored more successes later in the war for example when the germans retreated to the hindenburg line in 1917， a french cavalry reconnaissance force probed the german reregard to locate the new german positions in snowy weather the first cavalry division rode 60 kilometers over ruined landscapes， forded rivers， engaged german units and scouted german positions near saint caltan with minimal losses of horses and men a significant improvement over 1940 so the french managed to improve their cavalry's overall performance as the war went on including recona songs， but most of us associate the cavalry with charges a tactic that seemed obsolete among the trenches and machine guns of the west in front， sometimes though riding straight at the enemy was a sound military decision at the battle of swassan， may 30th 1918， a squadron of french chassair attached to the 74th infantry division conducted a frontal charge against the german position on the recently captured shoduran plateau after a french infantry attack had failed ad riders spread out over a kilometer managed to capture the position within minutes even though the germans defended it with artillery and machine guns what's more the french didn't lose a single man killed although 11 horses did die the french calorieman stuck to the rules and showed that a quick and decisive action by mounted troops still had a place in war even against modern weapons first off the charge was a surprise the french riders sneaked up behind helpful terrain before they attacked secondly it was fast speed gave some protection to the calorieman even against artillery and machine guns british officer ewing patterson noted that cavalry usually took casualties only in the last 55 meters of a charge， a distance a man on a horse could cover very quickly once this happened the fight was often over once the men were on top of the enemy they put up no fight and appeared completely demoralized speed kept cavalrymen alive on the western front and allowed them to successfully participate in battles right up until the end of the war like at schoder the french horsemen emerged from their cover and charged in an extended formation that left 50 meters between each platoon and two meters between each rider most world war i cavalry charges were spaced out and far from the knee to knee stuff of earlier eras or films the outnumbered french horseman prevailed and this was not the last or the only successful cavalry charge in the west， while allied cavalry was ultimately tactically successful on the west and front it was in the middle east where british empire cavalry would be strategically decisive in the war against the ottomans by 1918 cavalry had helped the british at every stage of the middle east campaign from egypt through palestine and into syria even against modern ottoman weapons， british led cavalry could be effective and general allenby gave the cavalry credit for the quote completeness of allied victory in palestine， the british commanded units from the uk， india， australia and new zealand only the indian cavalry and the british yeomanry cavalry of the territorial force began the war as true cavalry who were able to operate both mounted with a sword and on foot with firearms the australian and new zealand mounted forces began as mounted rifles which were organized and trained like regular cavalry， but were not armed with sabers and were not expected to be able to charge on horseback over the course of the war， the australian light horse had conducted a series of tactical experiments and this learning curve culminated in the charge at beer shiba on october 30th 1917， the australian night horse scored an overwhelming success against dug in ottoman soldiers attacking according to standard british cavalry doctrine one australian trooper summed up the enemy reaction this way men are remarking how the turk fights until the very last charge until the pounding hooves are upon him then he drops his rifle and runs screaming australian commander general hodgson argued that the victory had beershiba meant that his men should be given swords and converted to regular cavalry in mid 1918， the lighthorse received their swords and put them to use at the battle of megido and the capture of jeanine as 50 australian writers approach the town they drew their sabers and charged a group of one thousand eight hundred ottoman soldiers resting in an olive grove the australians captured all the ottomans which helped the rest of the light horse to take the town and three thousand more prisoners all without a single australian casualty australian brigadier general lockland wilson wrote that if the cavalry had not been equipped with swords things might not have gone so well without swords the procedure would have been a careful approach then probably a firefight and we could not have got into genin that night probably the prisoners captured that night would have evaded us or had time to organize the allied victory at megido wasn't just thanks to the australians though indian cavalry also played a key role indian cavalry regiments were typically armed with lances and were slightly larger than their british and australian counterparts， but their training was basically the same one indian unit the ninth hodson's horse helped show the continued effectiveness of cavalry at megido at least in the eyes of their regimental historian as d squadron approached the troop of turkish cavalry they opened fire from some trenches on rising ground about 300 yards north of the village， but they were promptly charged by a troop under gimada， nawab， halekan and forthwith surrendered some miles further on another turkish troop was encountered covering the crossing of the nowada scandidorm， but they too were charged in front and their retreat was threatened by another troop on their flank and they made haste to retreat on september twentieth nineteen eighteen outside the village of a fully indian cavalry the second gin lancers made another astonishing attack against the unit of 500 ottoman soldiers including machine gun positions in the introopers of c squadron dismounted and worked with the accompanying machine gun squadron to suppress this enemy force d squadron moved on the ottoman flank， while b squadron protected the indian force's own flank before joining d squadron in a successful charge at megido， there were also cases where a small number of allied troopers captured many ottoman prisoners private forest of the gloucester sheriomanry for example charged a retreating ottoman column all by himself， they surrendered to him and he escorted the 37 wagons four officers and 100 men back to british lines not every charge went without losses， but the palestine campaign illustrates just how effective cavalry could would be while allied cavalry reconnoitered and charged across the trenches and desert the germans also made use of mounted troops while they had very little cavalry on the western front by 1918 german horseman played an important role on other fronts like pursuing the enemy in romania in early november 1916， there was heavy fighting around the town of targuju， and by november 20th the central power's forces had broken the main romanian resistance german command had been holding the schmetto cavalry core to exploit any gaps open by the infantry and the opportunity to take advantage of the romanian retreat was now at hand after already capturing cryova on opposed the germans continued their advance and on november 26 the german 7th cavalry division encountered romanian cavalry the romanians attempted to to stem the tide， but the germans kept pushing their men forward on december 1st romanian forces tried to counter attack but german cavalry launched harassing attacks to disrupt enemy preparations these did cost the germans some prisoners， but also showed the romanians that the central powers still had the initiative and romanian units couldn't march in safety with the failure of their counter attack the romanians retreated into maldavia as a part of this relentless pursuit german lieutenant vials 26 dragoons got in order to destroy the bukarished pittished railway line to deny it to the enemy he and his men rode as fast and as far as they could until they ran into romanian centuries they dismounted advanced on foot to the railway and planted the necessary explosives before making their escape the third train came three minutes after the second a heavy crash splintering of wood steam explosions and the locomotive's nose had been pushed into the ground and behind it the first three coaches were entirely crushed for one and a quarter hours we were in the saddle marching in heavy fog， which was coming from the valley of the attigues again i had to rely entirely upon my compass and in addition to the bitter cold and snowy rain it was impossible to see one's hand in front of their face a small number of calorie men were able to use their superior mobility in a fluid combat situation to inflict disproportionate damage on an important romanian logistical line in this campaign the german cavalry had successfully conducted a harassing pursuit that helped push the retreat of the romanian military eastwards into maldavia and kept the enemy off balance file kinhaen's calorie contributed to an increased operational tempo for which the romanians had no answer so we've covered some of the various uses of cavalry by the french british and germans， but the power with the most cavalry was russia， which fielded nearly three hundred thousand cavalrymen at its peak among the hundreds of thousands of russian horsemen who served in the great war cornett and later captain vladimia lithar's experience provides us with a typical example of a cavalryman's war in august 1914， he was with the sumski housars when they invaded east prussia the tower noted that in his first battle when attacking the town of mark garbovo on a reconnaissance mission his divisional commander kept their machine guns in reserve despite the lack of machine guns this action did it show that the russians followed best practices like moving horse artillery units as far forward as possible to support the cavalry when it attacked dismounted on the other hand cavalry were vulnerable to concentrated fire from industrial weapons littower described german infantry taking his unit by surprise in east prussia machine guns open fire with riflemen and trapnel began to burst above our heads we had not expected anything like this the surprise was overwhelming and all three platoons turned back how i turned i do not remember this was the only instance when i experienced such a complete blackout i was in a panic litaur， was also in a failed cavalry raid， just before the battle of tannenbag in late august 1914， yet even here his regiment operated in tandem with artillery and fought both mounted and dismounted during their retreat the sumski hosars acted as a rear guard and successfully delayed a german cavalry regiment from pressing their pursuit first， they ambushed an approaching german cavalry squadron by dismounting and taking firing positions just below the crest on the reverse slope of heights overlooking a road the russians waited until the germans were as close as possible before opening fire and they were able to decimate the german squadron next after mounting their horses again the sumsky huzara squadron spotted another squadron of german cavalry and charged straight for them in a matter of seconds mien chicaf ordered canter and the german squadron turned round and disappeared and we halted a minute later we were under heavy fire it was our turn to run away， we'd only one or two wounded the german aim had not been too accurate we dismounted again and kept on exchanging fire with the germans until they brought up a battery this is when menchikov looked at his watch and said that's enough the division must have crossed the river by now the germans did not follow litao's division which made it into russian lines in part because of this rear guard action which ultimately prevented the destruction of their division after the failure of the raid lint， ours experiences in the opening month of the war are a good example of typical cavalry action during the great war he was excited to charge at the germans with a sabre and terrified one under fire he was awed by the sights during the attack on mark grabovo， he bivouacked in the open cared for his horse march and countermarched his unit was involved in reconnaissance charges rear guard action and ambushes all critical functions of cavalry on the vast and fluid eastern front on the whole litau's experiences in east prussia， were similar to those of most other cavalrymen during the great war cavalry were a dynamic arm of the service during the first world war and all nations adapted to battlefield realities to make the most of mounted troops strategically cavalry was at its best when it was able to exploit a breakthrough and turn withdrawal or localized retreat into a larger route like the australians did in palestine or the germans in romania by keeping up the pressure on the enemy cavalry also contributed on a strategic level by providing valuable reconnaissance at times or in places where warfare was not completely static tactically cavalry was at its best when it was able to use supporting arms like machine guns， artillery or dismounted men or under the right conditions to charge the enemy was speed of course cavalry also had its limitations especially on those battlefields that were defined by deep systems of well defended trenches， but using cavalry in world war i was not futile or pointless it was often a logical choice given the lack of mechanization and engine powered mobility that was available eventually tanks could break through enemy defenses， but they were still too slow to exploit a job better suited to the quicker and more flexible cavalry their roles were complimentary at least until mechanization became more widespread after the war， sometimes commanders made mistakes or poor decisions and used their cavalry unwisely， but that doesn't mean that cavalry was a no use across the board the role of cavalry in the first world war is more important and more complex than it's often given credit for and that is an idea worth pursuing the evolution of modern warfare didn't fell the end of cavalry right， away just like thirty years later the atomic bomb didn't mean the end of conventional warfare in fact it marked the beginning of a nuclear arms race between the west and the soviet union。